So while doing some background reading today I realized that legal citations already widely support a form of "citation typing" in the form of "Introductory Signals". The 10 introductory signals break down as follows...

In support of an argument:
   1) [no signal]. (NB that, apparently, this is increasingly deprecated.)
   2) accord;
   3) see;
   4) see also;
   5) cf.;

For Comparisons:
   6) compare ... with ...;

For contradiction:
   7) but see;
   8) but cf.;

For background:
   9) see generally;

And for examples:
   10) e.g.

Clever lawyers.