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Using the Open URL Query Interface
Note: For
basic information on OpenURL, see Using
DOIs and OpenURL.
OpenURL Accounts
Using a login to access CrossRef's OpenURL Query Interface is required. We request that users obtain and use a login to help monitor usage and deal with problems should they arise. OpenURL users who are already CrossRef members may use their CrossRef system account. Non members may obtain a complimentary OpenURL account.
Login credentials are provided in the 'pid' parameter of the OpenURL request.
For CrossRef members using username/password:
http://www.crossref.org/openurl?pid=username:password&aulast=Maas%20LRM&title=
JOURNAL%20OF%20PHYSICAL%20OCEANOGRAPHY&volume=32&issue=3&spage=870&date=2002
For CrossRef Query Services accounts:
http://www.crossref.org/openurl?pid=name@someplace.com&aulast=Maas%20LRM&title=
JOURNAL%20OF%20PHYSICAL%20OCEANOGRAPHY&volume=32&issue=3&spage=870&date=2002
Metadata queries
CrossRef maintains an OpenURLQuery Interface that accepts metadata, searches
to find a matching DOI, and redirects the user to the target of the DOI.
For example, a user might submit the following query:
http://www.crossref.org/openurl?pid=username:password&aulast=Maas%20LRM&title=
JOURNAL%20OF%20PHYSICAL%20OCEANOGRAPHY&volume=32&issue=3&spage=870&date=2002
The OpenURL Query Interface would find the appropriate DOI—in
this case, 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0870:CT>2.0.CO;2—and
redirect the user to the abstract. 
Show Example
In most instances, only a single DOI will be returned. If more than one DOI is returned, the user will be directed to a list of all available DOIs:
For example, the query: http://www.crossref.org/openurl?title=Science&aulast=Fernández&date=2009 will return Show Example:
The OpenURL Query Interface can accept these parameters:
- issn
– ISSN
(not recommended)
- stitle
– Short
title, which may be supplied as an alternative to title
- pid
or sid –
Your CrossRef-supplied login name and password; in older forms, sid was used instead of pid
(which is preferred)
- redirect
– Set
to false to return the DOI in
XML format instead of redirecting to the target URL (the default is true)
- multihit
– Set to true
to return DOIs for more than one content item if the CrossRef system does
not find an exact match (the default is false)
Results are returned in XML format. Show
Examples
Single match found
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<doi_batch version="0.3">
<head>
<doi_batch_id>Crossref::Resolver_26-Feb-2004@09:25:12</doi_batch_id>
<timestamp>26-Feb-2004@09:25:12</timestamp>
<depositor>
<name />
<email_address />
</depositor>
<registrant />
</head>
<body>
<doi_record type="full_text" key="">
<doi_data>
<doi>10.1006/jmbi.2000.4282</doi>
<url />
</doi_data>
<journal_article_metadata>
<article>
<author sequence="first">
<given_name />
<surname>Jiang</surname>
</author>
<date type="print">
<year>2001</year>
</date>
<enumeration>
<volume>305</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<first_page>377</first_page>
</enumeration>
</article>
<journal>
<full_title>Journal of Molecular Biology</full_title>
<issn type="print">00222836</issn>
<issn type="electronic">10898638</issn>
</journal>
</journal_article_metadata>
</doi_record>
</body>
</doi_batch>
Multiple matches found
<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <crossref_result version="2.0" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/2.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/2.0
http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/crossref_query_output2.0.xsd">
- <query_result>
- <head>
<email_address>ckoscher@crossref.org</email_address>
<doi_batch_id>w001</doi_batch_id>
</head>
- <body>
- <query key="555-555" status="multiresolved">
<doi>10.1016/S0360-3016(02)03429-6</doi>
<issn type="print">03603016</issn>
<journal_title>International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics</journal_title>
<author>KIM</author>
<volume>54</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<first_page>215</first_page>
<year>2002</year>
<publication_type>full_text</publication_type>
<article_title>Potential radiation sensitizing effect of SU5416 by
down-regulating the COX-2 expression in human lung cancer cells</article_title>
</query>
- <query key="555-555" status="multiresolved">
<doi>10.1016/S0360-3016(02)03428-4</doi>
<issn type="print">03603016</issn>
<journal_title>International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics</journal_title>
<author>WILLIAMS</author>
<volume>54</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<first_page>215</first_page>
<year>2002</year>
<publication_type>full_text</publication_type>
<article_title>Effect of the administration of lovastatin on the
development of pulmonary fibrosis following whole lung irradiation in
a mouse model</article_title>
</query>
</body>
</query_result>
</crossref_result>
Examples:
redirect="false":
http://www.crossref.org/openurl?issn=03770273&aulast=Walker&volume=54&spage=117&date=1983&noredirect=&pid=username:password
multihit="true/false/exact":
http://www.crossref.org/openurl?issn=03603016&volume=54&issue=2&spage=215&date=2002&multihit=true&pid=username:password
DOI queries
CrossRef supports DOI queries formatted as OpenURL version 0.1 requests.
This metadata includes identifiers (title and/or ISSN), first author,
enumeration (volume issue page), and year, as shown here:
Open URL query:
http://www.crossref.org/openurl/?pid=username:password&id=doi:10.1103/PhysRev.47.777&noredirect=true
CrossRef query:
http://doi.crossref.org/servlet/query?pid=username:password&id=10.1006/jmbi.2000.4282
Like metadata queries, DOI query results are returned in XML format.
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