Skip to main content
Log in

CVC-FP and SGT: a new database for structural floor plan analysis and its groundtruthing tool

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent results on structured learning methods have shown the impact of structural information in a wide range of pattern recognition tasks. In the field of document image analysis, there is a long experience on structural methods for the analysis and information extraction of multiple types of documents. Yet, the lack of conveniently annotated and free access databases has not benefited the progress in some areas such as technical drawing understanding. In this paper, we present a floor plan database, named CVC-FP, that is annotated for the architectural objects and their structural relations. To construct this database, we have implemented a groundtruthing tool, the SGT tool, that allows to make specific this sort of information in a natural manner. This tool has been made for general purpose groundtruthing: It allows to define own object classes and properties, multiple labeling options are possible, grants the cooperative work, and provides user and version control. We finally have collected some of the recent work on floor plan interpretation and present a quantitative benchmark for this database. Both CVC-FP database and the SGT tool are freely released to the research community to ease comparisons between methods and boost reproducible research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://www.homestyler.com.

  2. http://en.floorplanner.com/.

  3. http://dag.cvc.uab.es/resources/floorplans.

  4. https://prhlt.iti.upv.es/page/projects/multimodal/idoc/gidoc.

  5. http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/.

  6. SCANPLAN PROJECT: http://www.eurekanetwork.org/project/-/id/4462.

  7. http://www.google.com/imghp.

References

  1. Google maps indoor. https://maps.google.com/help/maps/indoormaps/index.html

  2. Technical committee on graphics recognition. http://iapr-tc10.univ-lr.fr/

  3. Mysql: The world’s most popular open source database (2014). https://dev.mysql.com/

  4. Ahmed, S., Liwicki, M., Weber, M., Dengel, A.: Improved automatic analysis of architectural floor plans. In: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2011)

  5. Ahmed, S., Liwicki, M., Weber, M., Dengel, A.: Improved automatic analysis of architectural floor plans. In: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2011)

  6. Ahmed, S., Weber, M., Liwicki, M., Langenhan, C., Dengel, A., Petzold, F.: Automatic analysis and sketch-based retrieval of architectural floor plans. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 35(0), 91–100 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2013.04.005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167865513001554. Frontiers in Handwriting Processing

  7. Amato, A., Sappa, A.D., Fornés, A., Lumbreras, F., Lladós, J.: Divide and conquer: atomizing and parallelizing a task in a mobile crowdsourcing platform. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Crowdsourcing for Multimedia, pp. 21–22 (2013)

  8. Aoki, Y., Shio, A., Arai, H., Odaka, K.: A prototype system for interpreting hand-sketched floor plans. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 3, pp. 747–751 (1996)

  9. Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: Speeded-up robust features (surf). Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 110, 346–359 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Biller, O., Asi, A., Kedem, K., El-Sana, J., Dinstein, I.: Webgt: an interactive web-based system for historical document ground truth generation. In: 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition 0, pp. 305–308 (2013). doi:10.1109/ICDAR.2013.68

  11. Casella, G., Berger, R.: Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA (1990)

  12. Cherneff, J., Logcher, R., Connor, J., Patrikalakis, N.: Knowledge-based interpretation of architectural drawings. Res. Eng. Des. 3, 195–210 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Clausner, C., Pletschacher, S., Antonacopoulos, A.: Aletheia—an advanced document layout and text ground-truthing system for production environments. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2011 International Conference on, pp. 48–52 (2011)

  14. de las Heras, L.P., Ahmed, S., Liwicki, M., Valveny, E., Sánchez, G.: Statistical segmentation and structural recognition for floor plan interpretation. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 17, 221–237 (2014)

  15. de las Heras, L.P., Mas, J., Sanchez, G., Valveny, E.: Wall patch-based segmentation in architectural floorplans. In: 11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 1270–1274 (2011)

  16. de las Heras, L.P., Mas, J., Sánchez, G., Valveny, E.: Notation-invariant patch-based wall detector in architectural floor plans. In: Graphic Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7423, pp. 79–88 (2012)

  17. Delalandre, M., Pridmore, T., Valveny, E., Locteau, H., Trupin, E.: Building synthetic graphical documents for performance evaluation. In: Liu, W. , Lladós, J. , Ogier J.-M. (eds.) Graphics Recognition. Recent Advances and New Opportunities, pp. 288–298. Springer, Berlin (2008)

  18. Doermann, D., Zotkina, E., Li, H.: Gedi—a groundtruthing environment for document images. In: Ninth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2010) (2010)

  19. Dosch, P., Masini, G.: Reconstruction of the 3d structure of a building from the 2d drawings of its floors. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 487–490 (1999)

  20. Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, C., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 88, 303–338 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Fernández, D., Marinai, S., Lladós, J., Fornés, A.: Contextual word spotting in historical manuscripts using markov logic networks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing, HIP ’13, pp. 36–43. ACM, New York (2013). doi:10.1145/2501115.2501119

  22. Fornés, A., Lladós, J., Mas, J., Pujades, J.M., Cabré, A.: A bimodal crowdsourcing platform for demographic historical manuscripts. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Digital Access to Textual Cultural Heritage, DATeCH ’14, pp. 103–108 (2014)

  23. Freeman, H., Shapira, R.: Determining the minimum-area encasing rectangle for an arbitrary closed curve. Commun. ACM 18(7), 409–413 (1975). doi:10.1145/360881.360919

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Ha Lee, C., Kanungo, T.: The architecture of TRUEVIZ: a groundTRUth/metadata Editing and VIsualizing toolkit. Tech. rep., LAMP (2001)

  25. Jiang, X., Bunke, H.: An optimal algorithm for extracting the regions of a plane graph. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 14(7), 553–558 (1993)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Karatzas, D., Robles, S., Gomez, L.: An online platform for ground truthing and performance evaluation of text extraction systems. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (2014)

  27. Lien, J.M., Amato, N.M.: Approximate convex decomposition of polygons. In: Proceedings 20th Annual ACM Symposium Computation Geom. (SoCG), pp. 17–26 (2004)

  28. Lladós, J., López-Krahe, J., Martí, E.: A system to understand hand-drawn floor plans using subgraph isomorphism and hough transform. Mach. Vis. Appl. 10, 150–158 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lladós, J., Martí, E., Villanueva, J.: Symbol recognition by error-tolerant subgraph matching between region adjacency graphs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(10), 1137–1143 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Lu, T., Yang, H., Yang, R., Cai, S.: Automatic analysis and integration of architectural drawings. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 9, 31–47 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Macé, S., Locteau, H., Valveny, E., Tabbone, S.: A system to detect rooms in architectural floor plan images. In: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS ’10, pp. 167–174 (2010)

  32. Nakagawa, K., Fujiyoshi, A., Suzuki, M.: Ground-truthed dataset of chemical structure images in japanese published patent applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS ’10, pp. 455–462. ACM, New York (2010). doi:10.1145/1815330.1815389

  33. Or, S.H., Wong, K.H., Yu, Y.K., Chang, M.M.Y.: Highly automatic approach to architectural floorplan image understanding & model generation. In: Proceedings of the Vision, Modeling, and Visualization, pp. 25–32 (2005)

  34. Phillips, I., Chhabra, A.: Empirical performance evaluation of graphics recognition systems. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. IEEE Trans. 21(9), 849–870 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Piroi, F., Lupu, M., Hanbury, A., Sexton, A., Magdy, W., Filippov, I.: Clef-ip 2012: retrieval experiments in the intellectual property domain. CLEF 2012 evaluation labs and workshop (Online Working Notes) (2012)

  36. Pletschacher, S., Antonacopoulos, A.: The page (page analysis and ground-truth elements) format framework. In: Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR ’10, pp. 257–260. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2010). doi:10.1109/ICPR.2010.72

  37. Richardson, M., Domingos, P.: Markov logic networks. Mach. Learn. 62(1–2), 107–136 (2006). doi:10.1007/s10994-006-5833-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rusiñol, M., Borràs, A., Lladós, J.: Relational indexing of vectorial primitives for symbol spotting in line-drawing images. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 31(3), 188–201 (2010)

  39. Rusiñol, M., de las Heras, L.P., Terrades, O.R.: Flowchart recognition for non-textual information retrieval in patent search. Inf. Retr., 1–18 (2013). doi:10.1007/s10791-013-9234-3

  40. Ryall, K., Shieber, S., Marks, J., Mazer, M.: Semi-automatic delineation of regions in floor plans. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 964–983 (1995)

  41. Saund, E., Lin, J., Sarkar, P.: Pixlabeler: user interface for pixel-level labeling of elements in document images. In: ICDAR, pp. 646–650. IEEE Computer Society (2009)

  42. Suzuki, S., Be, K.: Topological structural analysis of digitized binary images by border following. Comput. Vis. Graphics Image Process. 30(1), 32–46 (1985). doi:10.1016/0734-189X(85)90016-7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0734189X85900167

  43. Valveny, E., Delalandre, M., Raveaux, R., Lamiroy, B.: Report on the symbol recognition and spotting contest. In: Graphics Recognition. New Trends and Challenges, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7423, pp. 198–207 (2013)

  44. Valveny, E., Dosch, P.: Symbol recognition contest: a synthesis. In: Graphics Recognition. Recent Advances and Perspectives, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3088, pp. 368–385 (2004)

  45. Weber, M., Liwicki, M., Dengel, A.: a.SCAtch—a sketch-based retrieval for architectural floor plans. In: 12th International Conference on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition, pp. 289–294 (2010)

  46. Yacoub, S., Saxena, V., Sami, S.: Perfectdoc: a ground truthing environment for complex documents. In: Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005. Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 452–456 (2005)

  47. Yanikoglu, B., Vincent, L.: Pink panther: a complete environment for ground-truthing and benchmarking document page segmentation. Pattern Recognit. 31, 1191–1204 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhi, G., Lo, S., Fang, Z.: A graph-based algorithm for extracting units and loops from architectural floor plans for a building evacuation model. Comput. Aided Des. 35(1), 1–14 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been partially supported by the Spanish project TIN2012-37475-C02-02 and the research grant of the Universitat Autònoma  de Barcelona 471-02-1/2010.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lluís-Pere de las Heras.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de las Heras, LP., Terrades, O.R., Robles, S. et al. CVC-FP and SGT: a new database for structural floor plan analysis and its groundtruthing tool. IJDAR 18, 15–30 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-014-0236-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-014-0236-5

Keywords

Navigation