Abstract
We describe a method for hand-drawn symbol recognition based on deformable template matching able to handle uncertainty and imprecision inherent to hand-drawing. Symbols are represented as a set of straight lines and their deformations as geometric transformations of these lines. Matching, however, is done over the original binary image to avoid loss of information during line detection. It is defined as an energy minimization problem, using a Bayesian framework which allows to combine fidelity to ideal shape of the symbol and flexibility to modify the symbol in order to get the best fit to the binary input image. Prior to matching, we find the best global transformation of the symbol to start the recognition process, based on the distance between symbol lines and image lines. We have applied this method to the recognition of dimensions and symbols in architectural floor plans and we show its flexibility to recognize distorted symbols.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. W. Cheung and D. Y. Yeung. A bayesian framework for deformable pattern recognition with application to handwritten character recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(12):1382–1388, Desember 1998. 193
A. K. Chhabra. Graphic symbol recognition: An overview. In K. Tombre and A. K. Chhabra, editors, Graphics Recognition: Algorithms and Systems, pages 68–79. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1998. 193
A. H. Habacha. Structural recognition of disturbed symbols using discrete relaxation. In Proceedings of 1st. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pages 170–178, Sep-Oct 1991. Saint Malo, France. 193
A. K. Jain, Y. Zhong, and M. P. Dubuisson-Jolly. Deformable template models: A review. Signal Processing, 71:109–129, 1998. 193
A. K. Jain and D. Zongker. Representation and recognition of handwritten digits using deformable templates. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19(12):1386–1391, Desember 1997. 193
P. Kuner and B. Ueberreiter. Knowledge-based pattern recognition in disturbed line images using graph theory, optimization and predicate calculus. In Proceedings of 8th. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pages 240–243, October 1986. Paris, France. 193
P. J. M. Van Laarhoven and E. H. Aarts. Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989. 198
S. Lee. Recognizing hand-written electrical circuit symbols with attributed graph matching. In H. S. Baird, H. Bunke, and K. Yamamoto, editors, Structured Document Analysis, pages 340–358. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992. 193
J. Lladós, J. López-Krahe, and E. Martí. A system to understand hand-drawn floor plans using subgraph isomorphism and Hough transform. Machine Vision and Applications, 10(3):150–158, 1997. 193
G. J. MacLachlan and T. Krishnan. The EM algorithm and extensions. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1997. 201
B. T. Messmer and H. Bunke. Automatic learning and recognition of graphical symbols in engineering drawings. In R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, editors, Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, Selected Papers from First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, 1995, pages 123–134. Springer, Berlin, 1996. Volume 1072 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 193
M. Revow, C. K. I. Williams, and G. Hinton. Using generative models for handwritten digit recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 18(6):592–606, June 1996. 193
K. Tombre. Graphics recognition-general context and challenges. Pattern Recognition Letters, 16(9):883–891, 1995. 193
E. Valveny and E. Martí. Application of deformable template matching to symbol recognition in hand-written architectural drawings. In Fifth IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR’99, pages 483–486, Bangalore, India, September 1999. 194
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Valveny, E., Martí, E. (2000). Deformable Template Matching within a Bayesian Framework for Hand-Written Graphic Symbol Recognition. In: Chhabra, A.K., Dori, D. (eds) Graphics Recognition Recent Advances. GREC 1999. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1941. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40953-X_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40953-X_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41222-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-40953-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive