Iterative multi-class multi-scale stacked sequential learning: Definition and application to medical volume segmentation☆
Section snippets
Introduction and related work
Machine learning schemes have been widely applied in many image and volume segmentation scenarios [1], [2]. A common property of image and volume data is the high context dependence condition of any pixel or voxel value, which breaks the common assumptions of most machine learning strategies regarding statistical independence of the entries. Although this fact could be ignored during the machine learning framework design, a number of works have tried to include it, showing a significant
The IMMSSL framework
In this section, we present the iterative multiclass multiscale stacked sequential learning scheme for volume segmentation. First, we review the stacked sequential learning (SSL) [16] and the multiclass multiscale stacked sequential learning (MMSSL) [17], [18] schemes. Then, an improved iterative framework built on top of them in the context of 3D segmentation applications is presented (IMMSL).
IMMSSL application to medical volume segmentation problems
In this section, we evaluate the performance of the proposed IMMSSL framework in three medical volume segmentation problems. The first one is a two-class problem where we are interested to detect and segment any tumor volume present within a whole body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. The second one aims to segment a brain volume model (www.slicer.org/archives) in three compartments (right hemisphere, cerebellum and left hemisphere) providing as input only a stratified small percentage
Conclusions
In this work an Iterative 3D-scale generalization of the multiclass multiscale stacked sequential learning framework has been presented. The method accurately models the high context-dependence of the voxel properties in volume segmentation problems by introducing an iterative learning scheme of stacked contextual classifiers. The performance of the method has been tested on different medical volume problems containing a high variety of structures to segment. Its overall performance results and
Acknowledgments
The work of Frederic Sampedro is supported by the Spanish government FPU (Formación del Profesorado Universitario) doctoral grant. The authors would like to express their great appreciation to Dr Ignasi Carrio, director of the nuclear medicine department of the Hospital de Sant Pau. Work partially funded by TIN2011-24220 Spanish projects.
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This paper has been recommended for acceptance by C. Luengo.