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Geochronology and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Longtan pluton in South China: termination of the crustal melting and Indosinian orogenesis

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Abstract

The Indosinian orogeny is recorded by Triassic angular unconformities in Vietnam and South China and by widely occurring granitoids in the Yunkai-Nanling and the Xuefengshan belts of South China. The Longtan pluton in the northwestern part of the Xuefengshan belt is a typical high-K, calc-alkaline, I-type granitoid, which can shed light on the relationship between the Indosinian tectonic and magmatic activity in the region. Three precise zircon U–Pb ages yielded a mean of 218 ± 0.8 Ma, which is taken as the age of crystallization. The pluton consists of both granodiorite (64.59–68.01 % SiO2 and 3.25–4.22 % K2O) and granite (70.49–71.80 % SiO2 and 4.07–4.70 % K2O). The granodiorites are characterized by relatively high Mg# (54–57), low contents of Na2O (3.2–4.3 wt%), low abundances of incompatible elements (LILE, Nb and P), high initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7175–0.7184) and negative εNd(t) (−9.98 to −9.72). REE patterns show moderate fractionation ((La/Yb)cn = 8.07–18.80) with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.62–0.86). Compared with the granodiorite, the granite has a wider range of Mg# (49–59), lower contents of Na2O (2.8–4.2 wt%), higher initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7232–0.7243) and more negative εNd(t) (−12.07 to −11.24) values. REE patterns are relatively flat ((La/Yb)cn = 14.73–29.37) with smaller negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.48–0.63). The granodiorite has lower K2O/Na2O and Al2O3/(MgO + FeOTot) values than the granite. Based on major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes, we interpret the Longtan granodioritic magma to have been derived by partial melting of interlayered Proterozoic metabasaltic to metatonalitic source rocks, whereas the granite was probably derived from a mixture of Proterozoic metagraywackes and metaigneous rocks. Field, petrographic and geochemical evidence indicate that partial melting and fractional crystallization were the dominant mechanism in the evolution of the pluton. The Longtan granodiorites and granites are petrologically and geochemically similar to typical Indosinian varieties and are considered to have been produced in a similar manner. The Indosinian granitoids in the region show a magmatic peak age of ~238 Ma from the Yunkai-Nanling belt in the southeast and a magmatic peak age of ~218 Ma of the Xuefengshan belt to the northwest. These early and late magmatic episodes of the Indosinian granitoids also display slight variations of regular compositions, εNd(t) values and T DM ages. Thus, we propose a syncollisional extension model that Indosinian granitoids were generated by decompressional partial melting of crustal materials triggered by two extensions during collision of the Indochina and South China blocks. The Longtan pluton in the northwesternmost part of the orogenic belt marks the termination of the Indosinian magmatism and orogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Basic Program of China (2014CB440903), the NSFC (Projects 41172191 and 41372212), the CSC (201206400041), the Oversea Famous Professor Program to Nicholas Arndt (MS2011ZGDZ (BJ) 019) and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (GPMR2011). We thank Dr. Jianfeng Gao for assistance on the major and trace element analysis, Prof. Xianhua Li for supervision on SIMS zircon U–Pb analysis and Prof. Zhidan Zhao for help on the interpretation of Sr–Nd isotopic data. We have benefited from helpful discussions with Prof. Yu Wang, Drs. Ying Tong, Weihua Sun and Sun Tao, Miss Lu Song and Mr. Wang Junzhi during the study, and from language polishing of an early draft by Ms. Lixian Tian. We appreciate discussions and constructive comments on the manuscript by Profs. Michael L. Wells, Paul T. Robinson, Christian Dullo, Wen-Jiao Xiao, Jun-Hong Zhao and W.J. Collins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Liang Qiu, Dan-Ping Yan & Shuang-Li Tang

  2. Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Liang Qiu

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Mei-Fu Zhou & Shuang-Li Tang

  4. ISTerre, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    Nicholas T. Arndt

  5. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China

    Liang Qi

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  1. Liang Qiu
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Correspondence to Dan-Ping Yan.

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Qiu, L., Yan, DP., Zhou, MF. et al. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Longtan pluton in South China: termination of the crustal melting and Indosinian orogenesis. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 103, 649–666 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0996-z

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