Abstract
In this paper we introduce a definition of the pre-Schwarzian and the Schwarzian derivatives of any locally univalent harmonic mapping f in the complex plane without assuming any additional condition on the (second complex) dilatation ω f of f. Using the new definition for the Schwarzian derivative of harmonic mappings, we prove theorems analogous to those by Chuaqui, Duren, and Osgood. Also, we obtain a Becker-type criterion for the univalence of harmonic mappings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahlfors, L., Weill, G.: A uniqueness theorem for Beltrami equations. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 13, 975–978 (1962)
Becker, J.: Löwnersche Differentialgleichung und quasikonform fortsetzbare schlichte Funktionen. J. Reine Angew. Math. 255, 23–43 (1972)
Becker, J., Pommerenke, C.: Schlichtheitskriterien und Jordangebiete. J. Reine Angew. Math. 354, 74–94 (1984)
Cartan, E.: Leçons sur la Théorie des Espaces à Connexion Projective. Gauthier, Paris (1937)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: The Schwarzian derivative for harmonic mappings. J. Anal. Math. 91, 329–351 (2003)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: Curvature properties of planar harmonic mappings. Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 4, 127–142 (2004)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: Ellipses, near ellipses, and harmonic Möbius transformations. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133, 2705–2710 (2005)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: Univalence criteria for lift harmonic mappings to minimal surface. J. Geom. Anal. 17(1), 49–74 (2007)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: Schwarzian derivative criteria for valence of analytic and harmonic mappings. Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 143, 473–486 (2007)
Chuaqui, M., Duren, P., Osgood, B.: Schwarzian derivative and uniform local univalence. Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 8, 21–34 (2008)
Chuaqui, M., Hernández, R.: Univalent harmonic mappings and linearly connected domains. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 332, 1189–1194 (2007)
Clunie, J., Sheil-Small, T.: Harmonic univalent functions. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A 1 Math. 9, 3–25 (1984)
Duren, P.: Univalent Functions. Springer, New York (1983)
Duren, P.: Harmonic Mappings in the Plane. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Duren, P., Lehto, O.: Schwarzian derivatives and homeomorphic extensions. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A I 477 (1970), 11 pp.
Gardiner, F.P.: Teichmüller Theory and Quadratic Differentials. Wiley, New York (1987)
Graham, I., Kohr, G.: Geometric Function Theory in One and Higher Dimensions. Marcel Dekker, New York (2003)
Hernández, R., Martín, M.J.: Stable geometric properties of analytic and harmonic functions. Preprint. Available from http://www.uam.es/mariaj.martin
Krauss, W.: Über den Zusammenhang einiger Charakteristiken eines einfach zusammenhängenden Bereiches mit der Kreisabbildung. Mitt. Math. Sem. Giessen 21, 1–28 (1932)
Lewy, H.: On the non-vanishing of the Jacobian in Certain one-to-one mappings. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 42, 689–692 (1936)
MacCluer, B.D., Stroethoff, K., Zhao, R.: Generalized Schwarz–Pick estimates. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 131, 593–599 (2002)
Nehari, Z.: The Schwarzian derivative and Schlicht functions. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 55, 545–551 (1949)
Osgood, B., Stowe, D.: The Schwarzian derivative and conformal mappings of Riemannian manifolds. Duke Math. J. 67, 57–99 (1992)
Pommerenke, Ch.: Linear-invariante Familien analytischer Funktionen I. Math. Ann. 155, 108–154 (1964)
Pommerenke, Ch.: Univalent Functions. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen (1975)
Sheil-Small, T.: Constants for planar harmonic mappings. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 42, 237–248 (1990)
Tamanoi, H.: Higher Schwarzian operators and combinatorics of the Schwarzian derivative. Math. Ann. 305, 127–151 (1996)
Yamashita, S.: Norm estimates for function starlike or convex of order alpha. Hokkaido Math. J. 28, 217–230 (1999)
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Professors Martin Chuaqui and Dragan Vukotić for their helpful comments that improved the clarity of the exposition in this paper. We are also indebted to the anonymous referee for suggesting some topics for further work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Steven G. Krantz.
The authors were partially supported by Fondecyt Grant # 1110160, Chile, and Grants MTM2009-14694-C02-01 (MICINN) and MTM2012-37436-C02-02 (MINECO), Spain.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hernández, R., Martín, M.J. Pre-Schwarzian and Schwarzian Derivatives of Harmonic Mappings. J Geom Anal 25, 64–91 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-013-9413-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-013-9413-x
Keywords
- Pre-Schwarzian derivative
- Schwarzian derivative
- Harmonic mappings
- Univalence
- Becker’s criterion
- Convexity