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Simultaneous assessment of the effects of an herbicide on the triad: rhizobacterial community, an herbicide degrading soil bacterium and their plant host

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Abstract

Aims

This work addresses the relevant effects that one single compound, used as model herbicide, provokes on the activity/survival of a suitable herbicide degrading model bacterium and on a plant that hosts this bacterium and its bacterial rhizospheric community.

Methods

The effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on Acacia caven hosting the 2,4-D degrading bacterium Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134, and its rhizospheric microbiota, were simultaneously addressed in plant soil microcosms, and followed by culture dependent and independent procedures, herbicide removal tests, bioprotection assays and use of encapsulated bacterial cells.

Results

The herbicide provokes deleterious effects on the plant, which are significantly diminished by the presence of the plant associated C. pinatubonensis, especially with encapsulated cells. This improvement correlated with increased 2,4-D degradation rates. The herbicide significantly changes the structure of the A. caven bacterial rhizospheric community; and it also diminishes the preference of C. pinatubonensis for the A. caven rhizosphere compared with the surrounding bulk soil.

Conclusions

The addition of an herbicide to soil triggers a complex, although more or less predictable, suite of effects on rhizobacterial communities, herbicide degrading bacteria and their plant hosts that should be taken into account in fundamental studies and design of bio(phyto)remediation procedures.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by the Fondo de Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FONDECYT) grants 1070343 and 3090051, and the Millennium Nuclei in “Microbial Ecology and Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology” grant P/04-007-F, and “Plant Functional Genomics” grant P/06-009-F. This study is also part of the research program Fondo de Desarrollo de Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP) 1501–0001 funded by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnologíca (CONICYT) to the Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity Program 7. T.K. is CONICYT- PhD fellow. M.S. and T.L. are postdoctoral fellows of Programa de Atracción e Inserción de Capital Humano Avanzado, PAI/AC 79090016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, 7941169, Chile

    M. Stuardo, T. Ledger & B. González

  2. Millennium Nucleus on Plant Functional Genomics. Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    T. Kraiser, M. Manzano & B. González

  3. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile

    M. Manzano

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  1. T. Kraiser
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  2. M. Stuardo
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  3. M. Manzano
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  4. T. Ledger
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  5. B. González
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Correspondence to B. González.

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Kraiser, T., Stuardo, M., Manzano, M. et al. Simultaneous assessment of the effects of an herbicide on the triad: rhizobacterial community, an herbicide degrading soil bacterium and their plant host. Plant Soil 366, 377–388 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1444-8

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