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Assessment of corrosion resistance, material properties, and weldability of alloyed steel for ballast tanks

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Abstract

Ballast tanks are of great importance in the lifetime of modern merchant ships. Making a ballast tank less susceptible to corrosion can, therefore, prolong the useful life of a ship and, thereby, lower its operational cost. An option to reinforce a ballast tank is to construct it out of a corrosion-resistant steel type. Such steel was recently produced by POSCO Ltd., South Korea. After 6 months of permanent immersion, the average corrosion rate of A and AH steel (31 samples) was 535 g m−2 year−1, while the Korean CRS was corroding with 378 g m−2 year−1. This entails a gain of 29 %. Follow-up measurements after 10, 20, and 24 months confirmed this. The results after 6 months exposure to alternating wet/dry conditions are even more explicit. Furthermore, the physical and metallurgical properties of this steel show a density of 7.646 t/m3, the elasticity modulus 209.3 GPa, the tensile strength 572 MPa, and the hardness 169HV10. Microscopically, the metal consists of equiaxed and recrystallized grains (ferrite and pearlite), with an average size of between 20 and 30 µm (ASTM E 112—12 grain size number between 7 and 8) with a few elongated pearlitic grains. The structure is banded ferrite/pearlite. On the basis of a series of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer measurements the lower corrosion rate of the steel can be attributed to the interplay of Al, Cr, their oxides, and the corroding steel. In addition, the role of each element in the formation of oxide layers and the mechanisms contributing to the corrosion resistance are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is published with the explicit permission of POSCO Ltd., original source of the corrosion resistant steel. Due to the creativity of the POSCO engineers and scientists, we could have our challenge, presented in this manuscript. The authors wish to thank the BOF funding received from the University of Antwerp and the Maritime Academy. We also wish to express our gratitude towards to the American Bureau of Shipping for their assistance in procuring the CRS plates, their moral and financial support, as well as to OCAS (Arcelor Mittal, Zelzate, Belgium) for their assistance in a number of measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Antwerp Maritime Academy, Noordkasteel Oost 6, 2030, Antwerp, Belgium

    Kris De Baere, Helen Verstraelen, Remke Willemen, Raf Meskens & Geert Potters

  2. Faculty of Applied Engineering, Electromechanics, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 30, 2660, Antwerp, Belgium

    Jean-Pierre Smet

  3. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Metallic Materials Science (MMS), Université de Liège, Chemin des Chevreuils, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Jérôme Tchoufang Tchuindjang & Jacqueline Lecomte-Beckers

  4. Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    Silvia Lenaerts & Geert Potters

  5. POSCO Ltd., Plate Research 1, Goedong-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-300, Gyeongbuk, Korea

    Hwan Gyo Jung

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  1. Kris De Baere
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De Baere, K., Verstraelen, H., Willemen, R. et al. Assessment of corrosion resistance, material properties, and weldability of alloyed steel for ballast tanks. J Mar Sci Technol 22, 176–199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-016-0402-1

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