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Unlocking the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications

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Abstract

Electrochemical sensing for the semi-quantitative detection of biomarkers, drugs, environmental contaminants, food additives, etc. shows promising results in point-of-care diagnostics and on-site monitoring. More specifically, electrochemical fingerprint (EF)–based sensing strategies are considered an inviting approach for the on-site detection of low molecular weight molecules. The fast growth of electrochemical sensors requires defining the concept of direct electrochemical fingerprinting in sensing. The EF can be defined as the unique electrochemical signal or pattern, mostly recorded by voltammetric techniques, specific for a certain molecule that can be used for its quantitative or semi-quantitative identification in a given analytical context with specified circumstances. The performance of EF-based sensors can be enhanced by considering multiple features of the signal (i.e., oxidation or reduction patterns), in combination with statistical data analysis or sample pretreatments or by including electrode surface modifiers to enrich the EF. In this manuscript, some examples of EF-based sensors, strategies to improve their performances, and open challenges are discussed to unlock the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications.

Electrochemical fingerprint–based sensing strategies can be used for the detection of electroactive analytes, such as antibiotics, phenolic compounds, and drugs of abuse. These strategies show selective and sensitive responses and are easily combined with portable devices.

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Acknowledgments

The presented review is the result of a concerted effort and fruitful discussions among enthusiastic, young, and (for the occasion) female researchers of the AXES research group, each of them with specific expertise and background, under the guidance of the corresponding author. The authors acknowledge FWO-Flanders, BOF-UA, IOF-UA, FAPESP and EU for funding.

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Author notes

  1. G. Moro, H. Barich, K. Driesen, N. Felipe Montiel, L. Neven, C. Domingues Mendonça, S. Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam and E. Daems contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    G. Moro, H. Barich, K. Driesen, N. Felipe Montiel, L. Neven, C. Domingues Mendonça, S. Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, E. Daems & K. De Wael

  2. NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    G. Moro, H. Barich, K. Driesen, N. Felipe Montiel, L. Neven, C. Domingues Mendonça, S. Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, E. Daems & K. De Wael

  3. LSE research group, Università Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy

    G. Moro

  4. GMEME research group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (IQSC-USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil

    C. Domingues Mendonça

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  1. G. Moro
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All authors equally contributed to the material preparation and data collection and analysis. All authors participated in writing and reading and finally approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to K. De Wael.

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Moro, G., Barich, H., Driesen, K. et al. Unlocking the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 5955–5968 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02584-x

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