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Originalia

Die Bedeutung sensorischer Verarbeitung und Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung für Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen

Published Online:April 15, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.211.4.193

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Arbeitsgedächtnismodelle betonen meist die Bedeutung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses als Informationsspeicher für höhere kognitive Aufgaben. Wir betrachten in unseren aktuellen Arbeiten zum Arbeitsgedächtnis einen anderen Aspekt: Aufbauend auf theoretischen Positionen, die eine enge Verbindung zwischen dem Arbeitsgedächtnis und dem Aufmerksamkeitssystem postulieren (z.B. Cowan, 1999), untersuchen wir die unwillkürliche Aufmerksamkeitsablenkung im Zusammenspiel mit zentralen Steuerprozessen als Grundlage für flexibles Verhalten. Dabei zeigt sich, dass neben den bekannten Speicher- und Kontrollprozessen, die Einstellung der Distrahierbarkeit und die willkürliche Reorientierung auf aufgabenspezifische Information wichtige Aspekte des Arbeitsgedächtnis darstellen. Insgesamt ergibt sich ein differenziertes Bild der Interaktion verschiedener Prozesse (Informationsspeicherung, Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung, sensorische Verarbeitung), das wir in einem Arbeitsgedächtnismodell zusammenfassen.


Sensory memory and attentional control as a pre-requisite for working memory processes

Abstract. Typically, working memory models stress the function of maintaining information in the service of higher cognitive functions. We discuss another aspect of working memory: In accordance with models suggesting a close interaction of working memory and the attentional system (i.e. Cowan, 1999) we investigate the interaction of involuntary attention and central executive processes as a prerequisite for both information maintenance and flexible reaction on unexpected changes in the environment. The present review shows the importance of controlling the effects of pre-attentive sensory processing and the voluntary re-orienting to task-relevant information. It leads to an integrative working memory model including information storage, attention, and sensory processing.

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