Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Terahertz Superconducting Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers and Their Application in Radio Astronomy

  • Published:
Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope

Abstract

We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. D. Leisawitz, W. Danchi, M. DiPirro, et al., Proc. SPIE, 4013, 36 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  2. T. G. Phillips and J. Keene, Proc. IEEE, 80, 1662 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. H. Siegel, Proc. IEEE, 50, No. 3, 910 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Blundell, J. Barrett, H. Gibson, et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 159.

  5. S. V. Shitov, B. Jacson, A. Baryshev, et al., in: Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, San Diego, California (2001), p. 363.

  6. http://www.alma.nrao.edu/projectbk/construction/archived/project book 19990203/chap5/ chap5.3/chap5.3.html.

  7. A. Karpov, J. Blondel, M. Voss, and K. H. Gundlach, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 9, 4456 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  8. E. M. Gershenzon, G. N. Gol’tsman, I. G. Gogidze, et al., Sverkhprovod. Fiz. Khim. Tekh., 3, No. 10 (part 1), 2143 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. E. M. Gershenzon, M. E. Gershenzon, G. N. Gol’tsman, et al., Sov. Phys. - JETP Lett., 34, No. 5, 268 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. M. Gershenzon, M. E. Gershenzon, G. N. Gol’tsman, et al., Sov. Phys. - JETP Lett., 36, No. 7, 296 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  11. E. M. Geshenzon, M.E. Gershenzon, G.N. Gol’tsman, et al., Sov. Phys. - JETP, 59, 442 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  12. E. M. Gershenzon, M. E. Gershenzon, G. N. Gol’tsman, et al., Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 15, No. 3, 575 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  13. E. M. Gershenzon, M. E. Gershenzon, G. N. Gol’tsman, et al., Sov. Phys. - JETP, 70, 505 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  14. D. Prober, Appl. Phys. Lett., 62, No. 17, 2119 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Skalare, W. R. McGrath, B. Bumble, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 1558 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  16. B. S. Karasik and K. S. Il’in, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 2285 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. N. Gol’tsman and A.D. Semenov, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 502 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  18. F. Arams, C. Allen, B. Beyton, and E. Sard, Proc. IEEE, 54. 308 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. H. Putley, Proc. Phys. Soc., 76, 802 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Semenov, G. N. Gol’tsman, amd R. Sobolewski, Laboratory for Laser Energetics Review, 87, 134 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  21. B. L. Altshuler and A. G. Aronov, in: A. L. Efros and M. Pollak, eds., Electron-Electron Interaction in Disordered Systems: Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Science, North-Holland Co., Amsterdam (1985), Vol. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  22. R. S. Nebosis, A. D. Semenov, Y. P. Gusev, and K. F. Renk, in: Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Charlottesville, VA (1996), p. 601.

  23. B. S. Karasik, W.R. McGrath, and M. C. Gaidis, J. Appl. Phys., 81, 1581 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. W. Floet, E. Miedema, T. M. Klapwijk, and J.R. Gao, Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 433 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  25. D. W. Floet, T. M. Klapwijk, J. R. Gao, and P. A. J. De Krote, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 1719 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Merkel, P. Khosropanah, P. Yagoubov, and E. Kollberg, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 9, 4201 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Y. B. Vachtomin, M. I. Finkel, S. V. Antipov, et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 259.

  28. A. Semenov, Hubers H.-W., Richter H., et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol., Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 229.

  29. R. Blundell, J. Barrett, H. Gibson, et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol., Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 159.

  30. P. Yagoubov, M. Kroug, H. Mercel, et al., in: Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Charlottesville (1999), p. 238.

  31. D. F. Fillipovic, S. S. Gearhart, and G. M. Rebeiz, IEEE Trans. MTT, 41, No. 10, 1738 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  32. C.-Y.E. Tong, D. Meledin, D. Loudkov, et al., IEEE MTT-S Digest (2003), p. 751.

  33. E. Tong, J. Kawamura, T.R. Hunter, et al., in: Proc. 11th Int. Symp. on Space Terahertz Technology, Ann-Arbor, Michigan (2000), p. 49.

    Google Scholar 

  34. D. V. Meledin, C.-Y. E. Tong, R. Blundell, et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 65.

  35. S. Cherednichenko, M. Kroug, H. Mercel, et al., in: Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Cambridge, MA (2002), p.273.

  36. D.V. Meledin, C.-Y. E. Tong, R. Blundell, et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 13, 164 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  37. D. Meledin, D. P. Marrone, C.-Y. E. Tong et al., Microwave Theory and Technique (2003) [in press].

  38. J. Kavamura, T.R. Hunter, C.-Y. E. Tong et al., Astron. Astrophys., 394, 271 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  39. http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/srlab/thunter/srlab/thunter/srlab/thunter/srlab/ rxlabSiteTesting.html.

  40. http://physfac.vov.ru/k oiaf/nauka.

  41. J. Kawamura, C.-Y. E. Tong, R. Blundell, et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 11, No. 1, 952 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  42. http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/ adair/AST RO/.

  43. K. Yngvesson, C. Musante, M. Rodriguez, et al., in: Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, San Diego, California (2001), p. 262.

  44. http://sofia.arc.nasa.gov/

  45. http://home.sron.nl/ãhilleas/telis retrieval.html.

  46. http://sci.esa.int/home/first/index.cfm.

  47. S. Cherednichenko, M. Kroug, P. Khosropanah, et al., in: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology, Cambridge, MA (2002), p. 85.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

    G. N. Gol'tsman & D. N. Loudkov

Authors
  1. G. N. Gol'tsman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. N. Loudkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gol'tsman, G.N., Loudkov, D.N. Terahertz Superconducting Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers and Their Application in Radio Astronomy. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 46, 604–617 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RAQE.0000024991.65949.d6

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RAQE.0000024991.65949.d6

Keywords

Search

Navigation