Effects of acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in normal subjects☆
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Exploratory study on the efficacy of reflexology for pain threshold and tolerance using an ice-pain experiment and sham TENS control
2013, Complementary Therapies in Clinical PracticeA comparison of effects on regional pressure pain threshold produced by deep needling of LI4 and LI11, individually and in combination
2008, Complementary Therapies in MedicineDoes the pulse frequency of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) influence hypoalgesia?. A systematic review of studies using experimental pain and healthy human participants
2008, PhysiotherapyCitation Excerpt :Tools used to measure subjective rating of pain intensity, such as the visual analogue scale, and pain threshold have known validity and reliability [48–50], but judgements are compromised because they are made against a pain stimulus that has changing temporospatial dimensions. Good test-retest reliability has been reported for pain thresholds and pain intensities measured using pressure algometers [51], the cold pressor technique [39], electrical stimuli [52] and a CO2 laser [53], although all techniques have limitations [21,54,55]. For example, faster rates of application of force can lead to overestimates of pain threshold measured using pressure algometers [56].
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This research was supported by the Medical Research Council grant number G8108158N.
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Present address: Department of Anatomy, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, England.