Abstract
Characterizing groundwater responses to natural drivers is cost effective and offers great potential in hydrogeological investigations. However, there is a lack of method development and evaluation, for example by comparing results with those derived from using conventional methods. This paper presents a modified method to calculate the hydraulic conductivity (K) of confined aquifers using the well water response to atmospheric tides. The approach separates the Earth and atmospheric tide influences on filtered well water-level records in the time domain. The resulting ill-posed regression deconvolution problem can be overcome by constraining the well water response to atmospheric tides in order to follow a physically realistic semi-diurnal barometric response function (S2-BRF), or to follow directly a modified hydraulic model (BE-Hvorslev) similar to a slug test evaluation. An analysis with synthetic data shows that K up to 10-4 m/s can be estimated when pressure records with short sampling intervals are available. Application to a field dataset from Cambodia and Benin, with 20-minute to 60-minute sampling intervals, respectively, results in K values of 5.82∙10-7 m/s and 2.9·10-7 m/s. This agrees with results independently derived from pumping tests for both confined sediments and semi-confined hard-rock conditions. This method offers a promising and low-cost approach to derive K solely from monitoring datasets in confined aquifers. This is especially advantageous for low-conductivity formations where hydraulic testing takes time.
Resumen
La caracterización de las respuestas de las aguas subterráneas a los impulsores naturales es poco costosa y ofrece un gran potencial en las investigaciones hidrogeológicas. Sin embargo, faltan el desarrollo y la evaluación de métodos, por ejemplo comparando los resultados con los derivados del uso de métodos convencionales. Este artículo presenta un método modificado para calcular la conductividad hidráulica (K) de acuíferos confinados utilizando la respuesta del agua en pozos a las mareas atmosféricas. El enfoque separa las influencias de las mareas terrestres y atmosféricas en los registros de nivel de agua de pozo en el dominio temporal. El problema resultante de deconvolución por regresión mal planteado puede superarse restringiendo la respuesta del agua del pozo a las mareas atmosféricas para que siga una función de respuesta barométrica semidiurna físicamente realista (S2-BRF), o para que siga directamente un modelo hidráulico modificado (BE-Hvorslev) similar a una evaluación de slug test. Un análisis con datos sintéticos muestra que se puede estimar K hasta 10-4 m/s cuando se dispone de registros de presión con intervalos de muestreo cortos. La aplicación a un conjunto de datos de campo de Camboya y Benín, con intervalos de muestreo de 20 a 60 minutos, respectivamente, da como resultado valores de K de 5.82∙10-7 m/s y 2.9-10-7 m/s. Esto concuerda con los resultados derivados independientemente de los ensayos de bombeo tanto para sedimentos confinados como para condiciones semiconfinadas de roca dura. Este método ofrece un enfoque prometedor y de bajo coste para derivar K únicamente a partir de conjuntos de datos de monitoreo en acuíferos confinados. Esto es especialmente ventajoso para formaciones de baja conductividad en las que las pruebas hidráulicas exigen más tiempo.
Resumen
La caracterización de las respuestas de las aguas subterráneas a los impulsores naturales es poco costosa y ofrece un gran potencial en las investigaciones hidrogeológicas. Sin embargo, faltan el desarrollo y la evaluación de métodos, por ejemplo comparando los resultados con los derivados del uso de métodos convencionales. Este artículo presenta un método modificado para calcular la conductividad hidráulica (K) de acuíferos confinados utilizando la respuesta del agua en pozos a las mareas atmosféricas. El enfoque separa las influencias de las mareas terrestres y atmosféricas en los registros de nivel de agua de pozo en el dominio temporal. El problema resultante de deconvolución por regresión mal planteado puede superarse restringiendo la respuesta del agua del pozo a las mareas atmosféricas para que siga una función de respuesta barométrica semidiurna físicamente realista (S2-BRF), o para que siga directamente un modelo hidráulico modificado (BE-Hvorslev) similar a una evaluación de slug test. Un análisis con datos sintéticos muestra que se puede estimar K hasta 10-4 m/s cuando se dispone de registros de presión con intervalos de muestreo cortos. La aplicación a un conjunto de datos de campo de Camboya y Benín, con intervalos de muestreo de 20 a 60 minutos, respectivamente, da como resultado valores de K de 5.82∙10-7 m/s y 2.9-10-7 m/s. Esto concuerda con los resultados derivados independientemente de los ensayos de bombeo tanto para sedimentos confinados como para condiciones semiconfinadas de roca dura. Este método ofrece un enfoque prometedor y de bajo coste para derivar K únicamente a partir de conjuntos de datos de monitoreo en acuíferos confinados. Esto es especialmente ventajoso para formaciones de baja conductividad en las que las pruebas hidráulicas exigen más tiempo.
摘要
==表征地下水对自然因素的响应既具有经济性,又在水文地质调查中具有巨大潜力。然而,目前在该领域缺乏方法的发展和评估,例如通过与传统方法的比较结果进行评估。本文提出了一种修改后的方法,利用井水对大气潮汐的响应来计算承压含水层的渗透系数(K)。该方法在时间域内将地球潮汐和大气潮汐对经过滤的井水位记录的影响分离开来。由此产生的病态回归反演问题可以通过约束井水对大气潮汐的响应,使其符合具有物理合理性的半日周期气压响应函数(S2-BRF),或直接采用类似于微水试验评估的修正水力模型(BE-Hvorslev)。通过对合成数据的分析表明,当具有较短采样间隔的压力记录可用时,可估算出高达10-4 m/s的K值。将该方法应用于柬埔寨和贝宁的野外数据集中,其采样间隔分别为20分钟和60分钟,得到的K值分别为5.82∙10-7 m/s和2.9•10-7 m/s。这与通过抽水试验独立得出的结果相符,适用于承压沉积物和半承压硬岩条件下的情况。该方法为从承压含水层的监测数据中仅导出K值提供了一种有前景且低成本的途径。这在导水性较低的地层中尤为有利,因为水力测试需要时间。
Resumo
A caracterização das respostas das águas subterrâneas aos direcionadores naturais é econômica e oferece grande potencial em investigações hidrogeológicas. No entanto, há uma falta de desenvolvimento e avaliação de métodos, por exemplo, comparando os resultados com os derivados do uso de métodos convencionais. Este artigo apresenta um método modificado para calcular a condutividade hidráulica (K) de aquíferos confinados usando a resposta da água do poço às marés atmosféricas. A abordagem separa as influências da maré terrestre e atmosférica em registros filtrados de nível de água no domínio do tempo. O problema resultante da deconvolução da regressão mal colocada pode ser superado restringindo a resposta da água do poço às marés atmosféricas para seguir uma função de resposta barométrica semidiurna fisicamente realista (S2-BRF) ou seguir diretamente um modelo hidráulico modificado (BE- Hvorslev) semelhante a uma avaliação de teste slug. Uma análise com dados sintéticos mostra que K até 10-4 m/s pode ser estimado quando registros de pressão com curtos intervalos de amostragem estão disponíveis. A aplicação a um conjunto de dados de campo do Camboja e Benin, com intervalos de amostragem de 20 a 60 minutos, respectivamente, resulta em valores de K de 5.82∙10-7 m/s e 2.9•10-7 m/s. Isso está de acordo com os resultados derivados independentemente dos testes de bombeamento para sedimentos confinados e condições semiconfinadas de rochas duras. Este método oferece uma abordagem promissora e de baixo custo para derivar K apenas a partir de conjuntos de dados de monitoramento em aquíferos confinados. Isso é especialmente vantajoso para formações de baixa condutividade onde o teste hidráulico leva tempo.
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Code and data availability
The code and data set are available at https://github.com/remival/Atmospheric-Slug-tests (GitHub 2023).
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European Community,DCI-FOOD/2011/278-175,Jean-Michel Vouillamoz ,DIPECHO SEA ECHO/DIP/BUD/2010/01017,Jean-Michel Vouillamoz
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Valois, R., Derode, B., Vouillamoz, JM. et al. Use of atmospheric tides to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of confined and semi-confined aquifers. Hydrogeol J 31, 2115–2128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02715-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02715-5