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Biodiversity in the by-catch communities of the pelagic ecosystem in the Western Indian Ocean

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Abstract

Diversity in the by-catch communities from the pelagic ecosystem in the tropical tuna purse seine fishery has been poorly studied. This study uses different biodiversity measures to compare drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) and Free School sets (sets made on schools of tuna) of the Western Indian Ocean. Data was collected from observer programs carried out by the European Union between 2003 and 2010 on board Spanish and French fleets. Alpha (species diversity of a particular area) and Beta diversity (difference in species composition between different areas) was analyzed to assess differences in the number of species, abundances and the species composition between areas and fishing modes. Generalized additive models were undertaken to explore which geographical/environmental variables explain the distribution of species richness index and Shannon diversity index in both fishing modes. Results showed that by-catch species in FAD communities may be used as observatories of surface pelagic biodiversity in combination with Free School communities. FAD communities were more diverse with higher number of species (74 species) and evenly distributed than Free School communities (56 species). However, environmental variables played a more important role in Free School communities. Somalia area and Mozambique Channel were the areas with highest biodiversity rates in both fishing modes. This work contributed for the future implementation of the EAFM to manage the pelagic ecosystem in a holistic and more integrated way.

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Acknowledgments

The observer data analyzed in this study were collected by AZTI-Tecnalia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) through the EU- funded Data Collection Framework (DCF, Reg (EC) 1543/2000, 1639/2001 and 1581/2004). We wish to acknowledge to Leire Ibaibarriaga for her help with the GAMs. This study was part of the Ph.D. thesis conducted by the first author (NLO) at AZTI-Tecnalia marine institute and funded by Iñaki Goenaga (FCT grant). This is contribution 712 from AZTI-Tecnalia Marine Research Division.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AZTI Tecnalia, Portualde z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Basque Country, Spain

    N. Lezama-Ochoa, H. Murua, G. Chust, J. Ruiz, A. Caballero & I. Sancristobal

  2. Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale (CRH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France

    P. Chavance

  3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Tenerife-Canary Island, Spain

    A. Delgado de Molina

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  1. N. Lezama-Ochoa
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  2. H. Murua
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  3. G. Chust
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  4. J. Ruiz
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  5. P. Chavance
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  6. A. Delgado de Molina
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  7. A. Caballero
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Correspondence to N. Lezama-Ochoa.

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Communicated by Angus Jackson.

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Lezama-Ochoa, N., Murua, H., Chust, G. et al. Biodiversity in the by-catch communities of the pelagic ecosystem in the Western Indian Ocean. Biodivers Conserv 24, 2647–2671 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0951-3

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