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Distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in recent sediments from a southern Mediterranean lagoon (Mellah, Algeria) with emphasis on toxic species

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Abstract

This is the first study on the dinoflagellate cysts in Algerian waters and in Mellah Lagoon (South Western Mediterranean), located within a protected reserve. In total, 42 species of dinocysts belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 23 genera, were identified in the 26 superficial sediment samples from Mellah Lagoon. The distribution of dinocysts in the sediment of this lagoon is heterogeneous. Indeed, their abundance oscillates between 1 and 315 cysts g−1 dry sediment (DS). Cyst morphotype assemblages were dominated by a few numbers of species: Alexandrium minutum (15.87%), Gonyaulax verior (9.81%), Protoperidinium spp. (7.74%), Alexandrium affine (7.05%), Scrippsiella trochoidea (6.67%), and Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax (6.19%). There is a positive correlation between the density of cysts and the depth (r = 0.61; p < 0.05), organic matter (r = 0.70; p < 0.05), water content (r = 0.71; p < 0.05), and the fine fraction of sediment (r = 0.74; p < 0.05). Surprisingly, although the Mellah Lagoon is almost semi-closed, it holds an important specific richness in dinocysts (42 species) higher than others observed in Mediterranean lagoons. However, cyst abundances are low compared to other lagoons in the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, the presence of dinocysts of Alexandrium catenella/tamarense, A. minutum, and Gymnodinium catenatum associated to paralytic shellfish toxins, A. pseudogonyaulax which produces goniodomin A, also Protoceratium reticulatum and Gonyaulax spinifera complex which produce yessotoxins, needs to implement a monitoring program to prevent a potential human intoxication due to the consumption of contaminated sea products by these potent neurotoxins.

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Funding

This work was supported by the program funded by IRD (French Institute for Research and Development) and from LAGUNOTOX research project funded by TOTAL Foundation. The Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research provided funding for Mohamed Anis Draredja PhD.

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  1. Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, M.C Messaadia University, PB 1553, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria

    Mohamed Anis Draredja & Chahinaise Boualleg

  2. Marine Bioressources Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, PB 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Mohamed Anis Draredja

  3. MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Mohamed Anis Draredja & Mohamed Laabir

  4. Marine Bioressources Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, PB 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Hocine Frihi

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  1. Mohamed Anis Draredja
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Draredja, M.A., Frihi, H., Boualleg, C. et al. Distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in recent sediments from a southern Mediterranean lagoon (Mellah, Algeria) with emphasis on toxic species. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 25173–25185 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08830-0

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