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Responses of Planktonic Microorganisms from Tropical Reservoirs to Paraquat and Deltamethrin Exposure

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Abstract

This study focused on the effects of two pesticides, paraquat (herbicide) and deltamethrin (insecticide), which are two common molecules used intensively in Burkina Faso. Natural bacterial populations, phytoplankton cultures (one cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and one chlorophycea, Monoraphidium sp.), and two species of zooplankton (Diaphanosoma excisum and Moina micrura) were isolated from aquatic communities and were used as biological targets in the experimental protocols. Paraquat was moderately toxic to bacteria and phytoplankton, whereas deltamethrin was significantly toxic only to the zooplankton species. Paradoxically, the chlorophycea Monoraphidium sp. exhibited a significant increase of in vitro fluorescence after 48 h at the highest doses. Preliminary tests were also performed from natural water extract of the main drinking water supply of the country (Loumbila Reservoir) by using solid-phase extraction. Obviously, the natural extract proved to be toxic to the same biological targets. Despite the absence of any determination of pesticides in the natural extract, the question of contamination and toxicity of these waters affects concerns about the safety of water supply and the effect of human pressure on the dynamics of planktonic communities of freshwater reservoirs in arid regions of western Africa.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the IRD UR 167 Cyroco research program. Field sampling have been valuably facilitated by the enthusiastic help of Nicolas Augis and the support of Auberge Les Bougainvilliers staff and direction in Koubri, Burkina Faso. Maïmouna M’Boup and El Hadj N’Dour (IRD Dakar) are warmly acknowledged for their contributions to laboratory analysis of bacterial samples and field zooplankton experiments, respectively. Dr. Christophe Mouvet (BRGM Orléans) is acknowledged for pesticide analysis of water extract. Financial support was partly provided by the Small Reservoir Project of the Challenge Program on Water and Food (Colombo, Sri Lanka) and the French Ministry for Ecology and Sustainable Management and Development (ECOMET, grant CV070000783 ). Cultures of microalgae were kindly supplied by Professor Cécile Bernard, MNHN, Paris. Anonymous referees are acknowledged for improvement on this article.

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Correspondence to Christophe Leboulanger.

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Leboulanger, C., Bouvy, M., Pagano, M. et al. Responses of Planktonic Microorganisms from Tropical Reservoirs to Paraquat and Deltamethrin Exposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56, 39–51 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9164-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9164-z

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