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Setting the stage for a global-scale trophic analysis of marine top predators: a multi-workshop review

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Abstract

Global-scale studies of marine food webs are rare, despite their necessity for examining and understanding ecosystem level effects of climate variability. Here we review the progress of an international collaboration that compiled regional diet datasets of multiple top predator fishes from the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and developed new statistical methods that can be used to obtain a comprehensive ocean-scale understanding of food webs and climate impacts on marine top predators. We loosely define top predators not as species at the apex of the food web, but rather a guild of large predators near the top of the food web. Specifically, we present a framework for world-wide compilation and analysis of global stomach-contents and stable-isotope data of tunas and other large pelagic predatory fishes. To illustrate the utility of the statistical methods, we show an example using yellowfin tuna in a “test” area in the Pacific Ocean. Stomach-contents data were analyzed using a modified (bagged) classification tree approach, which is being prepared as an R statistical software package. Bulk δ15N values of yellowfin tuna muscle tissue were examined using a Generalized Additive Model, after adjusting for spatial differences in the δ15N values of the baseline primary producers predicted by a global coupled ocean circulation-biogeochemical-isotope model. Both techniques in tandem demonstrated the capacity of this approach to elucidate spatial patterns of variations in both forage species and predator trophic positions and have the potential to predict responses to climate change. We believe this methodology could be extended to all marine top predators. Our results emphasize the necessity for quantitative investigations of global-scale datasets when evaluating changes to the food webs underpinning top ocean predators under long-term climatic variability.

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Acknowledgments

The CLIOTOP working group 3 would like to thank all its funding sources, institutions, and data providers. Petra Kuhnert was supported by a Julius Fellowship from CSIRO, which also provided financial support for the final workshop. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission also provided support for the final workshop. Valerie Allain was supported by the Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management Project supported by Global Environment Facility, the Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAid), and a Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Christopher Somes was supported by the SFB 754 project from the German Research Foundation (DFG). Anne Lorrain was supported by IRD and the Pacific Fund. Brittany Graham was supported by NIWA. Heidi Pethybridge was supported by an Office of the Chief Executive CSIRO Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank the observer programs and the many observers who collected the samples in each of the ocean basins. We would like to acknowledge the contribution of YugNIRO scientists in the long-term sampling of stomachs in the Indian Ocean during research program funded by the Ministry of Fisheries of the former USSR. We thank Christine Patnode, IATTC, for assistance with the graphics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia

    J. W. Young & H. Pethybridge

  2. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    R. J. Olson & L. M. Duffy

  3. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME (IRD/IFREMER/UM2), Avenue Jean Monnet, CS30171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France

    F. Ménard, M. Simier & M. Potier

  4. CSIRO Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia

    P. M. Kuhnert

  5. Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), BP D5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia

    V. Allain

  6. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, USA

    J. M. Logan

  7. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), R 195 LEMAR, UMR 6539, BP A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia

    A. Lorrain

  8. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    C. J. Somes

  9. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand

    B. Graham

  10. AZTI-Tecnalia/Marine Research, Herrera kaiaportualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain

    N. Goñi

  11. PROSPER Project, CAP RUN, ARDA, Magasin No 10, Port Ouest, 97420, Le Port, Île de la Réunion, France

    E. Romanov

  12. CSIRO Computational Informatics, EcoSciences Precinct, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia

    D. Pagendam

  13. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, 1680 East–West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    C. Hannides

  14. Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    C. Hannides & C. A. Choy

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  1. J. W. Young
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  2. R. J. Olson
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  3. F. Ménard
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  4. P. M. Kuhnert
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  5. L. M. Duffy
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  6. V. Allain
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  7. J. M. Logan
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  8. A. Lorrain
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  9. C. J. Somes
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  10. B. Graham
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  11. N. Goñi
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  12. H. Pethybridge
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  13. M. Simier
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  14. M. Potier
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  15. E. Romanov
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  16. D. Pagendam
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  17. C. Hannides
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  18. C. A. Choy
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Correspondence to J. W. Young.

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Young, J.W., Olson, R.J., Ménard, F. et al. Setting the stage for a global-scale trophic analysis of marine top predators: a multi-workshop review. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 25, 261–272 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9368-4

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