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Nineteenth-century land-use legacies affect contemporary land abandonment in the Carpathians

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Abstract

Historical land use may shape landscapes for centuries into the future, but it remains unclear how much land-use legacies affect contemporary land use. Knowing for how long and how strongly land-use legacies affect agricultural systems is important for contemporary land-use planning and conservation. We assessed the effect of nineteenth-century agricultural legacies for contemporary agricultural abandonment by integrating historic maps and satellite imagery in the Carpathian region. We modeled the choice of agricultural land, and the legacies of Habsburg and Socialist regimes, while controlling for agro-ecological, accessibility and sociopolitical variation. Farming during the Habsburg era was concentrated in agro-ecologically suitable areas, but socialist agricultural expansion occurred mostly in less suitable areas, leading to subsequent abandonment. In addition, our results showed that historic land use affected abandonment even 100 years later. Although legacies diminished over time, their effects were amplified when political transformations occurred, likely due to land tenure systems, land owner attitudes, cultural values and differences in land improvement over time. Taken together, land-use legacies and shifts in political systems can constrain current land management and possible future land-use options, suggesting that contemporary land-use decisions can affect future land use for decades and even centuries.

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Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to all partners and student collaborators who helped digitize the historic maps. We thank three reviewers for their constructive feedback and for helping us improve the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge support by the Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Program of the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA), the NASA Earth System Science Fellowship Program (NESSF), the European Commission (Projects No. 265104 VOLANTE and 603447 HERCULES), the Einstein Foundation, Berlin (Germany), the Fulbright Scholar Program, the VEGA Grant Agency (Project No. 2/0171/16) and by Projects No. 1/0934/17 and 2/0117/13.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Catalina Munteanu & Volker C. Radeloff

  2. Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Catalina Munteanu & Daniel Műller

  3. Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany

    Catalina Munteanu, Tobias Kuemmerle & Daniel Műller

  4. Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany

    Tobias Kuemmerle & Daniel Műller

  5. Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava, Branch Nitra, Akademická 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia

    Martin Boltiziar, Juraj Lieskovský & Matej Mojses

  6. Department of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 1, 94974, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Martin Boltiziar

  7. Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, Ceske Mladeze 8, 40096, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic

    Martin Boltiziar

  8. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Juraj Lieskovský

  9. Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland

    Dominik Kaim & Katarzyna Ostapowicz

  10. Institute of Forest Management and Rural Development, University of West Hungary, Bajcsy-Zsilinszki utca 4, Sopron, 9400, Hungary

    Éva Konkoly-Gyuró

  11. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 776 41, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Peter Mackovčin

Authors
  1. Catalina Munteanu
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  2. Tobias Kuemmerle
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  3. Martin Boltiziar
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Correspondence to Catalina Munteanu.

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Munteanu, C., Kuemmerle, T., Boltiziar, M. et al. Nineteenth-century land-use legacies affect contemporary land abandonment in the Carpathians. Reg Environ Change 17, 2209–2222 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1097-x

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