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Deterministic modelling of the cumulative impacts of underground structures on urban groundwater flow and the definition of a potential state of urban groundwater flow: example of Lyon, France

Modélisation déterministe des impacts cumulés des structures souterraines sur l’écoulement des eaux souterraines en milieu urbain et définition d’un état potentiel de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines en milieu urbain: exemple de Lyon, France

Modelo determinístico de los impactos acumulativos de las estructuras del subsuelo sobre el flujo del agua subterránea urbana y la definición de un estado potencial del flujo de agua subterránea urbana: ejemplo de Lyon, Francia

地下建筑物对城市地下水流的累积影响确定性模拟及城市地下水流潜在状态的定义:法国里昂的研究实例

Modelagem determinística dos impactos cumulativos de estruturas subterrâneas sobre o escoamento de água subterrânea urbana e a definição de uma situação potencial do escoamento de água subterrânea urbana: exemplo de Lyon, França

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Abstract

Underground structures have been shown to have a great influence on subsoil resources in urban aquifers. A methodology to assess the actual and the potential state of the groundwater flow in an urban area is proposed. The study develops a three-dimensional modeling approach to understand the cumulative impacts of underground infrastructures on urban groundwater flow, using a case in the city of Lyon (France). All known underground structures were integrated in the numerical model. Several simulations were run: the actual state of groundwater flow, the potential state of groundwater flow (without underground structures), an intermediate state (without impervious structures), and a transient simulation of the actual state of groundwater flow. The results show that underground structures fragment groundwater flow systems leading to a modification of the aquifer regime. For the case studied, the flow systems are shown to be stable over time with a transient simulation. Structures with drainage systems are shown to have a major impact on flow systems. The barrier effect of impervious structures was negligible because of the small hydraulic gradient of the area. The study demonstrates that the definition of a potential urban groundwater flow and the depiction of urban flow systems, which involves understanding the impact of underground structures, are important issues with respect to urban underground planning.

Résumé

Les structures souterraines ont montré avoir une grande influence sur les ressources du sous-sol dans les aquifères urbains. Une méthodologie d’évaluation de l’état actuel et potentiel de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans une zone urbaine est proposée. L’étude développe une approche de modélisation en trois dimensions pour comprendre les impacts cumulés des infrastructures souterraines sur les écoulements des eaux souterraines en milieu urbain, en utilisant une étude de cas dans la ville de Lyon (France). Toutes les structures souterraines connues ont été intégrées dans un modèle numérique. Plusieurs simulations ont été effectuées : l’état actuel de l’écoulement d’eaux souterraines, l’état potentiel de l’écoulement d’eaux souterraines (sans structures souterraines), un état intermédiaire (sans structures imperméables) et une simulation en transitoire de l’état actuel des écoulements d’eaux souterraines. Les résultats montrent que les structures souterraines fragmentent les systèmes d’écoulement d’eaux souterraines conduisant à une modification du régime de l’aquifère. Pour le cas étudié, les systèmes d’écoulement sont stables au cours du temps avec une simulation en transitoire. Les structures avec des systèmes de drainage ont un impact majeur sur les systèmes d’écoulement. L’effet de barrière des structures imperméables est négligeable à cause du faible gradient hydraulique de la zone. L’étude démontre que la définition d’un écoulement potentiel d’eaux souterraines en milieu urbain et la représentation des systèmes des flux en milieu urbain, qui impliquent la compréhension de l’impact des structures souterraines, sont des sujets importants en matière de planification urbaine souterraine.

Resumen

Las estructuras del subsuelo han demostrado tener una gran influencia sobre los recursos subterráneos en los acuíferos urbanos. Se propone una metodología para evaluar el estado actual y potencial del flujo de agua subterránea en una zona urbana. El estudio desarrolla un enfoque de modelado tridimensional para entender los impactos acumulativos de las infraestructuras del subsuelo en el flujo de las aguas subterráneas urbanas, usando un caso de la ciudad de Lyon (Francia). Todas las estructuras conocidas del subsuelo fueron integradas en el modelo numérico. Se llevaron a cabo varias simulaciones: el estado actual del flujo de agua subterránea, el estado potencial del flujo de agua subterránea (sin estructuras en el subsuelo), un estado intermedio (sin estructuras impermeables), y una simulación transitoria del estado actual del flujo de agua subterránea. Los resultados muestran que las estructuras en el subsuelo fragmentan los sistemas de flujo del agua subterránea conduciendo a una modificación del régimen del acuífero. Para el caso estudiado, se demuestra que los sistemas de flujo son estables a través del tiempo con una simulación transitoria. Se muestra que las estructuras con sistemas de drenaje tienen un impacto mayor en los sistemas de flujo. El efecto de barrera de las estructuras impermeables fue despreciable debido al pequeño gradiente hidráulico de la zona. El estudio demuestra que la definición de un flujo potencial de agua subterránea urbana y la esquematización de los sistemas de flujo urbano, que implica entender el impacto de las estructuras del subsuelo, son cuestiones importantes con respecto a la planificación de las estructuras del subsuelo urbano.

摘要

地下建筑物显示出对城市含水层下层土壤有很大的影响。本文论述了评价城区地下水流实际和潜在的状态的方法。本研究利用(法国)里昂一个实例开发了三维模拟方法以了解地下建筑对城市地下水流的累积影响。所有已知的地下建筑物都并归到数值模型中。进行了几个模拟 :地下水流的实际状态,地下水流的潜在状态(无地下建筑物),中间状态(没有不透水的建筑物),地下水实际状态的瞬时模拟。结果显示,地下建筑物使地下水流系统四分五裂,致使含水层发生改变。在研究的实例中,水流系统在瞬时模拟中显示随着时间的过去趋于稳定。有排水系统的建筑物显示对水流系统有重要影响。无透水建筑物的屏障效应可以忽略,因为该地区水力梯度太小。研究显示,潜在城市地下水流的定义及城市水流系统的描述涉及到对地下建筑物影响的了解,是城市地下规划的重要课题。

Resumo

Estruturas subterrâneas comprovadamente apresentam uma grande influência sobre os recursos subterrâneos de aquíferos urbanos. Propõe-se neste estudo uma metodologia para avaliar a situação real e potencial do escoamento de água subterrânea em uma área urbana. O estudo desenvolve uma modelagem tridimensional para entender os impactos cumulativos das infraestruturas subterrâneas sobre o escoamento de água subterrânea urbana utilizando-se o caso da cidade de Lyon (França). Todas as estruturas subterrâneas conhecidas foram integradas ao modelo. Foram realizadas diversas simulações: a situação real do escoamento de água subterrânea, a situação potencial do escoamento de água subterrânea (sem estruturas subterrâneas) e uma simulação de transitório da situação real do escoamento de água subterrânea. Os resultados mostram que as estruturas subterrâneas segregam o sistema de escoamento alterando o regime de escoamento do aquífero. O efeito de barreira das estruturas impermeáveis foi desprezível devido ao gradiente hidráulico reduzido na área. O estudo demonstra que a definição de uma situação potencial de escoamento de água subterrânea urbana e o mapeamento do escoamento de sistemas aquíferos urbanos, que envolvem o entendimento do impacto de infraestruturas, são discussões importantes com respeito ao planejamento do ambiente subterrâneo urbano.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy for its financial support. They also thank Anne Perrissin of Greater Lyon for data support, Marc Berthier from the ANTEA Group, Alain Lemay from Lyon Parc Auto for the drainage systems data, and Stéphane Gaillot and Mélanie Foucault from the Lyon City Hall. Finally, the authors would also like to thank Aurèle Parriaux and Jean-Michel Tanguy for their relevant comments.

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Attard, G., Rossier, Y., Winiarski, T. et al. Deterministic modelling of the cumulative impacts of underground structures on urban groundwater flow and the definition of a potential state of urban groundwater flow: example of Lyon, France. Hydrogeol J 24, 1213–1229 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1385-z

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