Abstract
A brief review of the history and uses of workhorses is provided as well as numbers and distributions of working equines at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The problems of using the correct harness and correct alignment of horse and equipment through the harness are considered and care of the feet and especially the necessity of correct shoeing for both welfare and maximum work are discussed. The nutritional needs of working equines in terms of energy, protein, minerals and vitamins and the importance of good health and prevention and management of disease, are examined. Relationships between the animal and his owner or handler and some legal aspects of improving welfare are covered and it is concluded that education of these owners/handlers is essential for improving the welfare of working equids in developing countries.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barwell, I. and Ayre, M. (1982) The Harnessing of Draught Animals. Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK.
Bird, J. and Herd, R.P. (1995) In vitro assessment of two species of nematophagus fungi (Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys flagrans) to control the development of infective cythostome larvae from naturally infected horses. Veterinary Parasitology 56, 181–187.
Bizimana, N. (1994) Traditional Veterinary Practice in Africa (Schriftenreihe der GTZ No. 243). Deutsche Geselleschaft fur Technishe Zusammenarbeiten, Eschborn, Germany.
Clayton, H.M. (1986) Ascarids: recent advances, the veterinary clinics of North America. Equine Practice!, 313–328.
Chivers, K. (1976) The Shire Horse: A History of the Breed, the Society and the Men. J.A. Allen, London, UK.
Cregier, S.E. (1986) Horsebreakers, tamers and trainers: An historical, psychological, and social review. In ei]Fox, M.W. and Lickley, L.D. (eds.), Advances in Animal Welfare Science, 1986/1987. Humane Society of the United States, Washington DC, USA, pp. 89–101.
Cunha, T.J. (1991) Feeding the high-level performance horse. In ei]Cunha, TJ. (ed.), Horse Feeding and Nutrition, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 331–348.
Dollar, J.A.W. (1898) A Handbook of Horse-Shoeing with Introductory Chapters on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Horse’s Foot. David Douglas, Edinburgh, UK.
FAO (2000) Production Yearbook, Vol. 54. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Fitzwygram, F. (1903) Horses and Stables, 5th ed. Longman, Green, and Co., London, UK.
Fraser, A.F. (1992) The Behaviour of the Horse. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Freeland, G.G. (1991) Donkeys, mules and horses in tropical agricultural development. In ei]Fielding, D. and Pearson, R.A. (eds.), Donkeys, Horses and Mules in Tropical Agricultural Development. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 322–325.
Glade, M.J. (1984) Feeding innovations for the performance horse. J. of Equine Veterinary Science 4, 165–166.
Hammond, J.A. and Sewell, M.N.H. (1990) Diseases by Helminth. In ei]Sewell, M.N.H. and Focklesby, D.W.B. (eds.), Handbook on Animal Diseases in the Tropics, 4th Edition. Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.
Herd, R.P. (1986) Epidemiology and control of equine strongylosis at Newmarket. Equine Veterinary J. 18, 477–452.
Hintz, H.F. and Schryver, H.F. (1987) Energy and protein. In ei]Robinson, N.E. (ed.), Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 387–393.
Hobbs, S.J. (2000) Draught testing of a work horse. Draught Animal News 33, 2–4.
Inns, F.M. (1991) The design and operation of animal/implement systems: guidelines for soil cultivation implements. In ei]Fielding, D. and Pearson, R.A. (eds.), Donkeys, Horses and Mules in Tropical Agricultural Development. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp. 258–265.
Jeremy, J. (1998) The nutrition of working horses in developing countries. In 3er Coloquio Internacional sobre Equidos de Trabajo. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, pp. 281–285.
Jones, R.S., Lawrence, T.J.L., Veevers, A., Cleeve, N. and Hall, J. (1989) Accuracy of prediction of the live weight of horses from body measurements. Veterinary Record 125, 549–553.
Klei, T.R (1986) Other parasites: recent advances, the veterinary clinics of North America. Equine Practice 2, 329–336.
Leon, A.C., Saldana, T.M. and Miranda, C.R. (2000) La traccion animal en México. Draught Animal News 33, 5–9.
Miller, L.R. (2000) Work Horse Handbook. Rural Heritage, Gainseboro, TN, USA.
Miller, W.C. and Robertson, E.D.S. (1959) Practical Animal Husbandry, 7th ed. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK.
Orr, E.A., Baker, J.P. and Hintz, H.F. (1989) Nutrient requirement tables. In ei]Orr, E.A. (ed.), Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 5th ed. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA, pp. 39–48.
Pandey, V.S. and Eysker, M. (1991) Internal parasites of equines in Zimbabwe. In ei]Fielding, D. and Pearson, R.A. (eds.), Donkeys, Mules and Horses in Tropical Agricultural Development. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 167–174.
Pearson, R.A. (1998) The future of working equids-prospects and problems. In 3er Coloquio Internacional sobre Equidos de Trabajo. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City pp. 1–20.
Perez R., Valenzuela, S., Merino, V., Cabezas, L., Garcia, M., Bou, R. and Ortiz, P. (1996) Energetic requirements and physiological adaptation of draught horses to ploughing work. Animal Science 63, 343–351.
Sewell, M.N.H. (1991) Uniformity and contrasts of helminth diseases of equids. In ei]Fielding, D. and Pearson, R.A. (eds.), Donkeys, Mules and Horses in Tropical Agricultural Development. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 141–151.
Shallow, J.S., Jackson, S.G. and Baker, J.P. (1985) The influence of dietary selenium levels on blood levels of selenium and glutahione peroxidase activity in the horse. J. Animal Science 61, 590–598.
Spedding, C. (2000) Animal Welfare. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London.
Telleen, M. (2000) The Draft Horse Primer. Rural Heritage, Gainseboro, TN, UK.
UFAW (1990) Animal Training (Proceedings of a Symposium). Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Cambridge, UK.
Zeuner, D. (ed.) (2000) The Working Horse Manual. Farming Press, Ipswich.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wilson, R.T. (2007). Specific Welfare Problems Associated with Working Horses. In: Waran, N. (eds) The Welfare of Horses. Animal Welfare, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48215-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48215-1_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6142-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48215-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)